갈비뼈를 다쳤을때... Rib Injury

 

 

 

 

 

 

rib-cage

 

A bony framework that protects the heart, lungs, and other underlying organs.

The rib-cage is made up of three types of bone – the sternum (breastbone),

12 pairs of ribs, and 12 thoracic vertebrae.

All of the ribs attach to the spinal column, but only the top seven pairs connect to the sternum.

These are called true ribs and are connected to the sternum by strips of cartilage known as costal cartilage.

The next three pairs of ribs are known as false ribs. Instead of attaching directly to they sternum,

they all attach to the lowest true rib.

The last two pairs of ribs are called floating ribs and attach only to the spine.

Upon inhalation, muscles between the ribs, called intercostal muscles,

lift the ribcage helping the lungs to expand. Upon exhalation,

the rib-cage moves down, squeezing air out of the lungs.

 

 

Symptoms
The symptoms of rib injuries depend on the type and severity of the injury, but can include:

• Pain at the injury site
• Pain when the ribcage flexes – for example when you breathe, cough, sneeze or laugh
• Crunching or grinding sounds (crepitus) when the injury site is touched or moved
• Muscle spasms of the ribcage
• Deformed appearance of the ribcage
• Breathing difficulties.

 

 

Soft tissue injuries
Soft tissue of the ribcage includes the intercostal muscles and the costal cartilage. Common injuries include:

• Bruising – the blood vessels rupture and leak blood into the surrounding tissues. Bruising of the chest wall is a common rib trauma.
• Intercostal strains – intercostal muscles allow the ribcage to move up and down. These muscles can be strained by any activity that involves extreme or forceful twisting of the body or swinging of the arms. Sports that commonly cause this type of injury include golf and tennis.
• Costochondral separation – the rib is torn loose from the costal cartilage and is detached from the sternum.

 

Rib fracture
The curved design of the ribs makes them resistant to fractures. Their ability to flex helps the bone to absorb the force of a blow. However, any bone will break if the force exerted against it is stronger than it can structurally withstand. A rib is most likely to fracture at its outer curve, which is its weakest point.

Older people are more prone to rib fractures because bones thin with age. Children are less likely to break ribs because their bones are relatively flexible.

 

Flail chest explained
Flail chest is the most common serious injury to the ribs. It occurs when three or more ribs are broken in at least two places, front and back. This will only happen if there has been a great deal of blunt force. The key sign of flail chest is ‘paradoxical movement’, which means the natural movement of the ribcage during breathing is in reverse; for example, the injured area of ribcage sinks in when the person inhales instead of lifting outwards.

This reversal is caused by changes to air pressure in the ribcage caused by the injury. However, it is the accompanying injury to the lungs that usually causes complications, not the broken ribcage. Intubating the person (putting oxygen into the lungs via a tube placed down the trachea) will create a ‘normal’ pressure in the lungs.

 

 

Treatment
Unlike bones of the arms and legs, broken ribs can’t be set in a cast. Treatment aims to relieve pain while the injury heals, which can take up to six weeks (in the case of fracture) and 12 weeks or more if the rib has been torn from the cartilage. Treatment for bruised ribs is the same as for fractured ribs but with a shorter recovery time.

Options include:

• Rest
• Prescription strength pain-killing drugs
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Avoiding activities that aggravate the injury, such as sport
• Icepacks – these may help to reduce inflammation in the early stages
• Mechanical ventilation (help with breathing) – this may be needed in cases of severe flail chest.

 

 

http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/BHCV2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Rib_injuries?OpenDocument

 

 

 

 

 

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http://kr.ks.yahoo.com/service/ques_reply/ques_view.html?dnum=FAIAM&qnum=2060800

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rib Crack