"In art,
all who have done something other than their predecessors
have merited the epithet of revolutionary;
and it is they alone who are masters."
"Where do we come from ?
What are we ?
Where are we going ?"
Paul Gauguin
1898
세상속에서 삶을 작업과 함께 진행시키며
혼돈과 어지러움이 가득한 세상을 마주하면서
무엇을 위해, 무엇을 하면서 어떻게 살아야 하는지
매일 반복되는 의문들과 투쟁하며
깊은 명상 속에서 떠올렸던 신의 음성...
"Where do we come from?"
"What are we ?"
"Where are we going ?"
그것에 매달려 작품 하나 잉태하곤
마음속에 평온을 찾아 다시 세상속에서 삶을 지탱해온 기억이
새삼 Gauguin의 글을 접하곤 신의 섭리에 다시한번 탄복하며
다시 작품 속으로 눈을 돌려본다.
Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?
1897
Oil on canvas
54 3/4 x 147 1/2 in.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Gauguin wrote,
“The Impressionists look for what is near the eye,
and not at the mysterious centers of thought.”
He, in contrast,
sought to capture an inner world of fantasy
and dream and considered this enormous canvas,
created in Tahiti, his masterpiece.
He indicated that the painting should be read from
right to left, with the three major figure groups
illustrating the questions posed in the title.
The three women with a child represent
the beginning of life;the central group symbolizes
the daily existence of young adulthood;
and in the final group, according to the artist,
“an old woman approaching death appears reconciled
and resigned to her thoughts”;at her feet
“a strange white bird. . . represents the futility of words.”
Yet, as so often in Gauguin’s work, the whole remains
mysterious:“Explanations and obvious symbols would
give the canvas a sad reality,” Gauguin wrote,
“And the questions asked [by the title]
would no longer be a poem.”
Text from "Sister Wendy's American Masterpieces":
"This is Gauguin's ultimate masterpiece
- if all the Gauguins in the world, except one,
were to be evaporated (perish the thought!),
this would be the one to preserve.
He claimed that he did not think of the long title
until the work was finished,
but he is known to have been creative with the truth.
The picture is so superbly organized into three
"scoops"- a circle to right and to left,
and a great oval in the center- that I cannot
but believe he had his questionsin mind
from the start.
I am often tempted to forget that these are questions,
and to think that he is suggesting answers,
but there are no answers here;
there are three fundamental questions, posed visually.
on the right (Where do we come from?),
we see the baby, and three young women
- those who are closest to that eternal mystery.
In the center, Gauguin meditates on what we are.
Here are two women, talking about destiny
(or so he described them),
a man looking puzzled and half-aggressive,
and in the middle, a youth plucking the fruit of experience.
This has nothing to do, I feel sure, with the Garden of Eden;
it is humanity's innocent and natural desire to live
and to search for more life.
overlooked by the remote presence of an idol -
emblem of our need for the spiritual.
There are women (one mysteriously curled up into a shell),
and there are animals with whom we share the world:
a goat, a cat, and kittens.
In the final section (Where are we going?),
a beautiful young woman broods,
and an old woman prepares to die.
but the message is underscored by the presence of
a strangewhite bird.
I once described it as "a mutated puffin,"
and I do not think I can do better.
It is Gauguin's symbol of the afterlife, of the unknown
(just as the dog, on the far right, is his symbol of himself).
"All this is set in a paradise of tropical beauty:
the Tahiti of sunlight, freedom, and color that
Gauguin left everything to find.
A little river runs through the woods,
and behind it is a great slash of brilliant blue sea,
with the misty mountains of another island rising beyond
Gauguin wanted to make it absolutely clear that
this picture was his testament.
He seems to have concocted a story that, being ill and
unappreciated (that part was true enough),
he determined on suicide - the great refusal.
He wrote to a friend, describing his journey
into the mountains with arsenic.
Then he found himself still alive,
and returned to paint more masterworks.
It is sad that so great an artist felt he needed to
manufacturea ploy to get people
to appreciate his work.
I wish he could see us now,
looking with awe at this supreme painting."
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