Ch.3. The Elements of Art: The combination of the basic elements of line, shape, value, texture, and color represent the visual language of the artist with which to communicate or express his creative ideas
Ch.4. Understanding Design: Principles of Design; ideas, different period of time, places, cultures, relating factors of historical boundary
6 Principles in a design
Unity: see the work as a single thing, Enclosure
Limiting
Repetition
Continuity
Contrast
Harmony
Varity: Keep from boring, makes interesting, different designs of elements, weather, lighting, reflecting from other building, trees, details,
stained-glass
Balance: identify with the art as existing, as we do
Symmetrical Balance
Asymmetrical Balance
Radio Balance
Crystallographic Balance
Rhythm: control, organize the movement of the observer’s attention through the work, repetition, shape, color continuity makes rhythm,
Simple Repetition
Alternating Repetition
Progressive Rhythm
Non rhythmic continuity: don’t involve any rhythm
Emphasis: reveal relationship of power and significance
Proportion: reveal relationship of power and significance
Geometric systems used for human figures, composing designs
Advertising: capture our attention, encourage us to look at
Make the point – identify product, concept recognition
Closing retention – long enough to remember
Entertaining, information of product, compromising to viewer, creative, intellective, appealing to viewer; humor, insulting, exploring culture
Proportion: Relationships of size reflecting significance or function,
Relationships of visual elements, one can influence the other
Symmetrical Balance: A form of balance achieved by the use of identical compositional units on either side of a vertical axis.
Asymmetrical Balance: A form of balance attained when the visual units on either side of a vertical axis are not identical but are placed on positions within the pictorial field so as to create a “felt” equilibrium of the total form concept.
Chiaroscuro: Light and shadow represented in art;
a way of drawing with black and white on a gray or middle-value ground to show light and shade.
Visual weight: size, color, shape, surface, value contrast, position in the field
Art criticism: Critic: A writer on art who is an expert on cultural value.
6 methods of achieving unity
Enclosure: art work belongs together, need organize, Landscaping
Limiting: the number of elements, economy, similar things
Repetition of elements: shapes, objects, colors, belong to same art work
Continuity: Continuation; help eyes to go one part to the other parts, eyes follow, leading to next parts, compel eye to move
Contrast: extreme relations of light to dark, black and white, opposite colors, directions, seems to go together, belong together
Harmony of the parts: ex: checker board
6 methods of creating a focal point
Contrast: encourage value, color, direction
Position in the field: in the middle, center,
Lower half of the field (easier to look); eye level
Isolation: (anyplace) shape if too obvious, get bored
Detail: more significant
Size: important things
Relating elements: point of view, ideologically
3 types of visual rhythms:
Simple repetition: The use of the same visual elements a number of times in the same composition.
Alternating repetition: alternate the elements
Progressive rhythm: sequence changes
Continuity: Rhythmic Continuity: A continuance, a flow, or a feeling of movement achieved by repetition or regulated visual unit;
The use of measured accents.
4 types of Balance: A feeling of equality in weight, attention, or attraction of the various visual elements within the pictorial field as a means of accomplishing organic unity.
Symmetric Balance: 2 sides, same image, mirror image, architecture
Asymmetric Balance: mot the same image, but visual weight
Size, Color, Shape, Surface, Value contrast, Position in the field
(detail, texture),
Radio Balance: common central point, from radiate, circle around…
Crystallographic Balance:
6 influences of visual weight
Size
Color: Bright, Darker seem heavier, Dull, Light seem lighter
Shape: Irregular shape weight more, regular shape lighter
Surface Variation, Detail, Texture
Value Contrast: more contrast increase more weight
Position in the field: Lower, Far, Further from center more heavier
Higher, Closer, Center less weight
Realism in art: realistic
Distortion in art: ex: long neck, represent figure but portions are not right
Abstraction in art: A term given to forms created by the artist but usually derived from objects actually observed or experienced.
It usually involves a simplification and/or rearrangement of natural objects to meet needs of artistic organization or ｅxpression. Stick figure, representative
Non-objective art: An approach to art in which the visual signs are entirely imaginative and do not derive from anything ever seen by the artist.
Representational art: Depiction of forms that have material existence.
Figurative art: Figure: The solid or positive shape set against a background area in a two-dimensional art form; see ground. Often refers to “human figure.”
5 physical characteristics of line: The path of a moving point that is a mark made by a tool or instrument as it is drawn across a surface.
Contour line: A line which creates a boundary indicating edge of a form indicated on a 2 dimensional surface.
Measure
3 Types of line: Straight, Curve, Angular line
Direction: Horizontal, Vertical, Diagonal line
Value and color: Hatching, Crosshatching, Dark, light Value, Texture line
Character of sense of quality: Convey the idea, to communicate mood,
emotion, and variable character, Fragile or Strong
Shape: An area that stands out from the space next to or around it because of a defined boundary or because of a different value, color or texture.
Positive shapes: The enclosed areas which represent the initial selection or shapes planned by the artist.
Negative shapes: The unoccupied or empty space left after the positive shapes have been laid down by the artist. However, because these areas have boundaries, they also function as shapes in the total pictorial structure.
2 categories of artistic texture
Visual Texture: Texture that can be seen but not felt. Surface character,
The texture is only suggested to the eye through vision.
Experience, stimulate, painter recreate certain textile
Tactile Texture: The surface character of a material which may be experience through touch.
Ceramic, sculpture, painting, silk flower, architecture, quilt, jewelry, fashion, interior, landscape, furniture design
3 functions of texture
Richness
Visual pleasure
Enhance emotional ｅxpression
6 indicators of spatial relationships on a 2-D surface;
Painter creates illusion for space
Overlapping planes
Vertical location: lower something feels closer,
eye level (Horizon) is the farthest way
Aerial perspective; atmospheric perspective: special indicate
Value contrast: Farthest way: less contrast, value
Closest way: a lot of detail
Color: Warm, Bright, Brilliant color appear closer
Cool, Dark, Dull color far away
Size: Easier way, Larger appear closer
Liner perspective: A mechanical system for creating the illusion of a three dimensional space on a two dimensional surface.
Simple phenomena,
Vanishing point base on parallel line (eye level)
Fact of light and color: only through vision
Without light, there’s no color.
All light has color.
Light: A form of energy, every organism react light, low level of light make people depress, light creates emotional contents, bounce off from the direction, texture determined by light bounce, very important for Artwork, Sculpture choose the material for lighting qualities (polish, large glass S) Illumination (neon art = tech + art), project
1. Transparent material (window, glass): Artist use method for quality
2. Transloosen surface (cover the light): smooth light for the area
3. Opec material (note book): bounce back and absorb
Color: The character of a surface which is the result of the response of vision to the wavelength of light reflected from the surface.
No color available without light, color reflects certain emotion,
Color changed to personal, cultural aspects, something new, different
Arouse universal Varity; we are the most sensitive with color,
Repose of vision to the wavelength light
Wavelength defuse to separate the color (individual wavelength of light)
Rainbow (spectrum; r-o-y-g-b-v) sunlight produces all kind of color
Opec; object: determine by reflecting certain way of light
3 attributes of color
Always in color wheel, same sequence as rainbow,
Inferring warm or cool color
3 Primary hues: Red, Yellow, Blue
Can’t be obtained mixing with other colors
Mixing these primary hues obtain every color of spectrum
3 Secondary hues:
In between primary hues
6 Tertiary hues: Red orange, Yellow orange, Yellow green
Blue green, Blue violet, Red violet
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